基因组尺度:
3Billion base pair; 所有外显子共30M,占1%;染色体1共250M, 染色体22共60M
2万多个gene,62% 的gene被DNA methylation调节
80M SNP, 2M INDEL; 两个人之间约3M个SNP不同,即1‰; 1200 CNV
2000 microRNA, 1万多条lncRNA
nm尺度/分子:
nanomaterials, 1-100nm
virus, 10-300nm
1bp=0.33nm, DNA radius 2nm, 螺距3.5nm
miRNA, 6nm
μm尺度/细胞:
hair radius, 6μm
fine sand, 10μm
cell membrane, 10μm
cell nucleus, 6μm
WBC, 11μm
RBC, 7μm
PLT, 2-4μm
egg, 200μm
capillary radius, 6-9μm
respiratory membrane, 1μm
alveoli, 200μm
浓度尺度:
cell exposure: μM, 少则nM, 多则mM
blood metal concentration: μM, μg/ml, ng/ml
时间尺度(频率):